Dynamics of Late-Career Entrepreneurial Intentions in Pakistan – Individual and Synergistic Application of Various Capital Resources and Fear of Failure

Muhammad Shehzad Hanif · Muhammad Iftikhar Hanif · Danish Junaid

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Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences Retirement, Disability, and Employment Migration, Ethnicity, and Economy

Abstract

Abstract Although prior research on late-career entrepreneurship has explored the effects of financial, human, and social capital on the intentions to engage in entrepreneurial activity within the domains of a developed economy, little research has investigated this scholarship in the context of a push perspective within a developing economy. This study endeavors to meet this gap by investigating the effects of financial, social, and human capital and the personal dispositional traits on the entrepreneurial intentions among early retirees in the ICT sector of Pakistan. Based on the collected data from the web-based questionnaire and personally administered surveys and interviews from 345 respondents who face a survival challenge in the aftermath of a job loss, we make use of hierarchical logistic regression to periodically explore the independent and combined effects of the financial, social and human capital and the impact of a stable dispositional trait of fear of failure on the entrepreneurial intention. Being one of the foremost studies to address the late-career entrepreneurship phenomenon in a developing economy, this study has to offer notable contributions to entrepreneurship literature. Consistent with prior research, we observe support for the individual influence of various elements of financial, social, and human capital and the fear of failure on the intentions to engage in an entrepreneurial career. Results also demonstrate considerable evidence for the interaction effects among financial, human, and social capital as well as among different measures of financial capital, human capital, and the fear of failure. Discussion about the results is furnished followed by limitations and future research implications.

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References

1991The theory of planned behavior 2003Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies.1975Belief, Attitude, Intention and Behavior: An Introduction to Theory and Research 1988Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital 1984A resource‐based view of the firm 1985From Intentions to Actions: A Theory of Planned Behavior 2000The Promise of Entrepreneurship as a Field of Research 2002Social Capital: Prospects for a New Concept

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