Department of Economics Discussion Paper

André Decoster · Thomas Minten · Johannes Spinnewijn Y

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Health disparities and outcomes Income, Poverty, and Inequality Insurance, Mortality, Demography, Risk Management

Abstract

We use population-wide data from linked administrative registers to study the distributional pattern of mortality before and during the Covid-19 pandemic in Belgium. Excess mortality is only found among those aged 65 and over. For this group, we find a significant negative income gradient in excess mortality, with excess deaths in the bottom income decile more than twice as high as in the top income decile for both men and women. However, given the high inequality in mortality in normal times, the income gradient in all-cause mortality is only marginally steeper during the peak of the health crisis when expressed in relative terms. Leveraging our individual-level data, we gauge the robustness of our results for other socioeconomic factors and find that conclusions about the income gradient in excess mortality based on aggregate data can be misguided.

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References

2016The Association Between Income and Life Expectancy in the United States, 2001-2014 2020Inequality in the impact of the coronavirus shock: Evidence from real time surveys 1997Measuring the magnitude of socio-economic inequalities in health: An overview of available measures illustrated with two examples from Europe 2008Correcting the Concentration Index 2020Racial Health Disparities and Covid-19 — Caution and Context 2020Social Vulnerability and Racial Inequality in COVID-19 Deaths in Chicago 2020How Did COVID-19 and Stabilization Policies Affect Spending and Employment? A New Real-Time Economic Tracker Based on Private Sector Data 2021Socio-demographic factors associated with self-protecting behavior during the Covid-19 pandemic

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2022Explaining the deprivation gap in COVID-19 mortality rates: A decomposition analysis of geographical inequalities in England 2023Sociodemographic and socioeconomic disparities in COVID-19 vaccine uptake in Belgium: a nationwide record linkage study

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