Dating Violence and Peer Victimization Among Male, Female, Transgender, and Gender-Expansive Youth

Rachel C. Garthe · Amandeep Kaur · Agnes Rieger · Allyson M. Blackburn · Shongha Kim · Jacob Goffnett

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LGBTQ Health, Identity, and Policy Intimate Partner and Family Violence Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Transgender adolescents experience disproportionately high rates of dating violence and peer victimization. However, research has relied on small samples of transgender youth and has not captured victimization experiences of gender-expansive youth (who do not identify as male, female, or transgender). In the current study, we address these limitations, comparing victimization by gender. METHODS: We examined a subsample of 4464 male, female, transgender, and gender-expansive youth (1116 per group) from the 2018 Illinois Youth Survey who were frequency matched on grade, race, geographic region, and free or reduced lunch status. Prevalence of self-reported verbal, physical, and cyber peer victimization and physical and psychological dating violence was calculated. Adjusted prevalence ratios were obtained by using log-binomial regression. RESULTS: The highest rates across all forms of victimization were reported among transgender (15.6%-51.6%) and gender-expansive (13.2%-41.4%) youth. Transgender youth had a 2.09 to 2.96 times higher frequency of victimization than male youth and a 1.34 to 2.65 times higher frequency of victimization than female youth. Transgender youth also had higher frequencies of specific forms of victimization than gender-expansive youth. Gender-expansive youth had a 1.83 to 2.61 times higher frequency of victimization than male youth and 1.18 to 2.35 times higher frequencies of most forms of victimization than female youth. CONCLUSIONS: Disparities in dating violence and peer victimization rates exist among transgender and gender-expansive adolescents compared with male and female youth. The distinct experiences of transgender and gender-expansive youth should be considered in school policies and violence prevention programs.

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2016Mental Health of Transgender Children Who Are Supported in Their Identities 2014A systematic review of primary prevention strategies for sexual violence perpetration 2019Transgender Identity and Experiences of Violence Victimization, Substance Use, Suicide Risk, and Sexual Risk Behaviors Among High School Students — 19 States and Large Urban School Districts, 2017 2013Dating Violence Experiences of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Youth 2017Transgender-inclusive measures of sex/gender for population surveys: Mixed-methods evaluation and recommendations 2016A comprehensive technical package for the prevention of youth violence and associated risk behaviors 2013Putting the “T” in “Resource”: The Benefits of LGBT-Related School Resources for Transgender Youth 2018Evaluating inclusive gender identity measures for use in quantitative psychological research

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