Cross-Country Trends in Affective Polarization

Levi Boxell, Matthew Aaron Gentzkow, Jesse M. Shapiro

2022-02-03articleThe Review of Economics and Statistics455 citationsgreen

No readable copy stored yet — this record is metadata only.

Electoral Systems and Political Participation Social Policy and Reform Studies Fiscal Policies and Political Economy

Abstract

Abstract We measure trends in affective polarization in twelve OECD countries over the past four decades. According to our baseline estimates, the United States experienced the largest increase in polarization over this period. Five countries experienced a smaller increase in polarization. Six countries experienced a decrease in polarization. We relate trends in polarization to trends in potential explanatory factors.

Citations in this library

Stored only when both papers are in the corpus — 455 citations exist upstream.

References

2018The Origins and Consequences of Affective Polarization in the United States

2012Affect, Not Ideology

2017Uncivil Agreement

2008Political Polarization in the American Public

2009The Partisan Sort

2017#Republic

2019What Do We Measure When We Measure Affective Polarization?

2019‘Fear and loathing across party lines’ (also) in Europe: Affective polarisation in European party systems

Cited by

2022Cognitive–motivational mechanisms of political polarization in social-communicative contexts

2022Interventions reducing affective polarization do not necessarily improve anti-democratic attitudes

2021Fragmented foes: Affective polarization in the multiparty context of the Netherlands

2024Megastudy testing 25 treatments to reduce antidemocratic attitudes and partisan animosity

2022Who Dislikes Whom? Affective Polarization between Pairs of Parties in Western Democracies

2021Political beliefs affect compliance with government mandates

2021Affective blocs: Understanding affective polarization in multiparty systems

2023Political ideology and international capital allocation