Psychological impact of COVID-19 on health workers in Ghana: A multicentre, cross-sectional study

Anthony Amanfo Ofori · Joseph Osarfo · Evans Kofi Agbeno · Dominic Owusu Manu · Elsie Amoah

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COVID-19 and Mental Health Occupational Health and Burnout Healthcare professionals’ stress and burnout

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic has exacted an appreciable burden on health systems globally including adverse psychological impacts on health workers. This study sought to assess COVID-19-related fear, depression, anxiety and stress among hospital staff, potential factors that may help reduce its psychological effects and their personal coping strategies. The study will help to highlight the psychological impact of COVID-19 on Ghanaian health workers and indirectly serve as a needs assessment survey for input to support affected staff and the broader health system. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among health workers in three hospitals in the Ashanti Region of Ghana from 11 July 2020 to 12 August 2020. Demographic data and scores from the validated DASS-21 and Fear of COVID-19 scales and two other scales developed de novo were entered from 272 self-administered questionnaires and analyzed for means, frequencies and proportions. Fisher's exact test analysis was done to ascertain associations between selected independent variables and depression, anxiety, stress and fear. Parametric and non-parametric tests were used to compare the mean and median scores of the outcome variables across the three study hospitals. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Over 40% of respondents had fear while 21.1%, 27.8% and 8.2% had depression, anxiety and stress, respectively. Positive attitudes from colleagues and the government's tax-free salary relief were some factors said to reduce the psychological effects while over half of participants indicated praying more often as a coping strategy. There is a need for the health system to recognize the presence of these adverse psychological effects in health workers and take pragmatic steps to address them.

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2020Factors Associated With Mental Health Outcomes Among Health Care Workers Exposed to Coronavirus Disease 2019 1995Manual for the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales. 2 2020The Fear of COVID-19 Scale: Development and Initial Validation 2020Timely mental health care for the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak is urgently needed 2020Mental Health and Psychosocial Problems of Medical Health Workers during the COVID-19 Epidemic in China 2020A multinational, multicentre study on the psychological outcomes and associated physical symptoms amongst healthcare workers during COVID-19 outbreak 2020Frontline nurses’ burnout, anxiety, depression, and fear statuses and their associated factors during the COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan, China: A large-scale cross-sectional study 2020The mental health impact of the covid-19 pandemic on healthcare workers, and interventions to help them: A rapid systematic review

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