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This chapter shows the origin of facultative logic within Renaissance Aristotelianism and its impact on early-modern philosophy of mind. In particular, it shows how Renaissance Aristotelianism foreshadows some of the conceptions that later historical-philosophical research branded as essentially anti-Aristotelian. In order to understand the origin of facultative logic within Aristotelianism, one should go directly to the source, that is, to Aristotle. The chapter focuses on reception of Zabarella's doctrine of habits by Protestant authors working on the European continent such as Johann Heinrich Alsted and Abraham Calov, who helped establish new disciplines concerning the philosophy of mind, namely hexiology, gnostology and noology. According to Zabarella, habit characterizes both logic as an instrumental discipline and the second nature of mind. In Germany, three new disciplines – hexiology, gnostology and noology – emerged within Aristotelianism. Both philosophical movements, in Germany and in England, represent a decisive cognitive turn of Aristotelian logic in favour of the construction of a new philosophy of mind.
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