Geographic Information System

Kang‐Tsung Chang

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Geographic Information Systems Studies Geography and Environmental Studies 3D Modeling in Geospatial Applications

Abstract

A geographic information system (GIS) is a computer system for capturing, storing, querying, analyzing, and displaying geospatial data. Geospatial data describe both the location and attributes of spatial features. A GIS comprises the components of hardware, software, data, people, and organization. Prompted by the introduction of PCs and graphical user interfaces, GIS flourished in the 1980s. Now GIS is an indispensable tool in resource management, emergency planning, crime analysis, public health, land records management, precision farming, and many other fields. Geospatial data are spatially referenced and can be either vector or raster. Common GIS operations include data acquisition, data management, data query, vector data analysis, raster data analysis, and data display. An important trend is the integration of desktop GIS, web GIS, and mobile technology, which has already led to the development of location‐based services, collaborative web‐mapping, and volunteered geographic information.

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References

2010How Good is Volunteered Geographical Information? A Comparative Study of OpenStreetMap and Ordnance Survey Datasets 1990Geographic information systems and cartographic modeling 2011The convergence of GIS and social media: challenges for GIScience 2022Thematic Cartography and Geovisualization 2004Least-cost paths in mountainous terrain 1997Cartography: visualization of spatial data 2012Introduction to Geographic Information Systems

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