Economic gradient of onset of disability in India

Radhe Shyam Mishra · Sanjay Kumar Mohanty · Jack Cordes · Umakanta Sahoo · Rajeev Ranjan Singh · S. V. Subramanian

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Disability Rights and Representation Aging, Health, and Disability Health disparities and outcomes

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Disability in India is associated with increasing non-communicable diseases, rising longevity, and increasing accidents and injuries. Though studies have examined prevalence, patterns, and socioeconomic correlates of disability, no attempt has been made in estimating age of onset of disability in India. OBJECTIVE: This paper investigates the economic gradient of age of onset of locomotor, visual, hearing, speech, mental retardation, mental illness, and other disabilities in India. METHOD: We use nationally representative data of 106,894 disabled individuals from the 76th round of National Sample Survey (NSS), 2018. Descriptive statistics, kernel density, Kaplan-Meier survival curves, and linear regression models are used in the analysis. RESULT: The disability rate in India was 2184 per 100,000 persons. The disability rate was highest for locomotor (1353) followed by hearing (296), visual (234), speech (228), mental retardation (158), and mental illness (131). Over 85% of mental retardation and 80% of speech disabilities occur at birth, while 82% of locomotor and 81% of visual disabilities occur after birth. Among those who had disability after birth, the median age for mental retardation was 2 years followed by mental illness (28 years), speech (29 years), locomotor (42 years), visual (55 years), and 56 years for hearing disability. Adjusting for socioeconomic covariates, the age of onset of locomotor and speech disabilities among the poorest individuals were 7 and 11 years earlier than the richest, respectively. CONCLUSION: The economic gradient of onset of locomotive and speech disabilities are strong. The age of onset of disability was earliest for mental retardation followed by mental illness and speech disability.

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References

2007World Population Prospects The 2006 Revision 2017The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities 2014Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities 2012Disability and Poverty in Developing Countries: A Multidimensional Study 2011World report on disability 1999Poverty and disability : a survey of the literature 2006Gradient of Disability across the Socioeconomic Spectrum in the United States 2008Marital Conflict, Depressive Symptoms, and Functional Impairment

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