Articlegold2021

Risk factors for prospective increase in psychological stress during COVID-19 lockdown in a representative sample of adolescents and their parents

Kerstin Paschke · Nicolas Arnaud · Maria Isabella Austermann · Rainer Thomasius

55 citations0/0 files storedBJPsych Open

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COVID-19 and Mental Health Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum

Abstract

BACKGROUND: COVID-19 lockdown measures imposed extensive restrictions to public life. Previous studies suggest significant negative psychological consequences, but lack longitudinal data on population-based samples. AIMS: We aimed to prospectively identify increased psychological stress and associated risk factors in parent-child dyads. METHOD: We conducted a prospective, observational online study on a representative German sample of 1221 adolescents aged 10-17 years and their parents. Psychological stress and psychosocial variables were assessed before the pandemic (baseline) and 1 month after the start of lockdown (follow-up), using standardised measures. We used multilevel modelling to estimate changes in psychological stress, and logistic regression to determine demographic and psychosocial risk factors for increased psychological stress. RESULTS: The time of measurement explained 43% of the psychological stress variance. Of 731 dyads with complete data, 252 adolescents (34.5%, 95% CI 31.0-37.9) and 217 parents (29.7%, 95% CI 26.4-33.0) reported a significant increase in psychological stress. Baseline levels were lower than in dyads without increased psychological stress. Risk factors for increased psychological stress included sociodemographic (e.g. female parents, severe financial worries) and emotion regulation aspects (e.g. non-acceptance of emotional responses in parents, limited access to emotion regulation strategies in adolescents), explaining 31% of the adolescent (Nagelkerke R2 = 0.31) and 29% of the parental (Nagelkerke R2 = 0.29) model variance. CONCLUSIONS: This study is the first to prospectively show an increase in psychological stress during COVID-19 lockdown in a representative family sample. Identified demographic and psychosocial risk factors lead to relevant implications for prevention measures regarding this important public health issue.

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1983A Global Measure of Perceived Stress 2020The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence 1992Health Behavior and Health Education: Theory, Research, and Practice 2020Immediate Psychological Responses and Associated Factors during the Initial Stage of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Epidemic among the General Population in China 2020Multidisciplinary research priorities for the COVID-19 pandemic: a call for action for mental health science 2020A nationwide survey of psychological distress among Chinese people in the COVID‐19 epidemic: implications and policy recommendations 2020A longitudinal study on the mental health of general population during the COVID-19 epidemic in China 2002The Environment of Poverty: Multiple Stressor Exposure, Psychophysiological Stress, and Socioemotional Adjustment

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