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Minimal brain dysfunction, or MBD might whimsically be defined as brain damage so slight that it cannot be detected. It stands for a complex of disturbances of learning and behavior that can sometimes be correlated with demonstrable functional disorders of the brain. Children without any abnormal neurological signs often are considered to suffer from MBD on the basis of behavioral observation alone. MBD is considered by some to be the single most common disorder seen by child psychiatrists. Failure to treat MBD results in increased risk for psychopathology later in life, ranging from poor social adjustment, underachievement and scholastic failure, to juvenile delinquency and even psychosis. The attempt to achieve optimal remediation of the individual child depends upon the ability to distinguish between learning disabilities and learning disorders, and to identify the specific differential cause of the learning disability or disorder as precisely as possible.
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