The Law of Energy Transition in Federal Systems

Abstract

Energy systems are changing in many countries around the world as a result of new energy policies, advances in energy technology, and shifting energy economics.Many countries are guiding the energy transition from fossil fuels to renewable energies with new policies to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and other energy-related pollutants.Almost 200 nation states (and the European Union (EU)) are parties to the 2015 Paris Agreement, which calls for GHG neutrality within the course of the 21 st century. 1 Renewable energy costs have declined rapidly over the past decade, making many types of renewable energy generation cost-competitive with fossil fuels. 2 Renewable energies dominate global capacity expansion in energy generation with particular importance attached to solar and wind energy.The International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) reports that renewable energy accounted for 73% of total energy capacity expansion in 2019 and 82% in 2020, 3 while solar and wind energy combined amount to 91% of all net renewable additions in 2020.

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