12. Predictive Policing and the Ethics of Preemption

Daniel Susser

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Ethics and Social Impacts of AI Policing Practices and Perceptions Artificial Intelligence in Law

Abstract

This chapter examines the increasing use of predictive analytics technologies by police. Such tools analyze data to identify patterns and make predictions about crime. Champions of predictive policing see it as valuable for preventing crime, but it also raises a number of ethical concerns. Since these technologies rely on historical data—often infected by racial bias—it can reproduce bias in its predictions and recommendations. An even more basic worry about using predictive analytics for preemptive policing is that this approach makes harmful assumptions about individuals and fails to recognize them as ethical agents. Preemptive policing aims to reduce overall crime, but does so by treating suspects and at-risk individuals in an instrumental fashion. Predictive analytics tools perhaps, then, best belong in the hands of those with more direct obligations to at-risk individuals—like social workers.

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References

2013Predictive Policing: The Role of Crime Forecasting in Law Enforcement Operations 2016Intelligence-Led Policing 2007Against Prediction: Profiling, Policing, and Punishing in an Actuarial Age 2014Mapping Crime: Understanding Hot Spots 1979Policing a free society 2014Born free and equal?: a philosophical inquiry into the nature of discrimination 2015Pre-crime: Pre-emption, precaution and the future

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