The Median Dilemma

Abstract

The chapter focuses on the history of the Medes, from the very first attestations in Neo-Assyrian sources until the fall of the Neo-Assyrian Empire. It highlights the difficulties in reconstructing Median history in this period due to a problematic source situation and the many challenges in unifying Classical, cuneiform, linguistic, and archeological sources. This also concerns the claim for a “Median empire,” the existence of which is still a matter of controversy in modern scholarship.

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