Use of Geographic Information Systems to Explore Associations between Neighborhood Attributes and Mental Health Outcomes in Adults: A Systematic Review

Young‐Shin Park · Barbara J. McMorris · Lisiane Pruinelli · Ying Song · Merrie Jean Kaas · Jean F. Wyman

36 citations0/0 files storedInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Neighborhood attributes are increasingly recognized as factors shaping mental health in adults. Geographic information systems (GIS) offer an innovative approach for quantifying neighborhood attributes and studying their influence on mental health outcomes. Our aim was to describe GIS applications used in neighborhood-related mental health research and how neighborhood attributes are related to depressive symptoms or psychological distress in community-residing adults. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review of studies published in English that included GIS techniques and a validated questionnaire of depressive symptoms or psychological distress. Medline, PsycInfo, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL, GEOBASE, and Compedex were searched to June 2020. Study quality was assessed by a modification of the Joanna Briggs Institute's Checklist for Analytical Cross-sectional Studies. RESULTS: Thirty-two studies met the inclusion criteria. Studies varied in definitions of neighborhood and GIS-derived measurements of neighborhood attributes. Neighborhood attributes were significantly associated with mental health outcomes, although findings were not consistent. Moderating factors (e.g., gender, living conditions) significantly influenced depressive symptoms or psychological distress. CONCLUSION: Neighborhood attributes are important factors influencing mental health in adults. Consensus may be needed on how to standardize the neighborhood unit or GIS-derived measures of neighborhoods in order to explain depression or psychological distress in diverse adult populations.

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References

2009Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement 2009Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement 2015The Economic Burden of Adults With Major Depressive Disorder in the United States (2005 and 2010)2018Epidemiology of Adult DSM-5 Major Depressive Disorder and Its Specifiers in the United States 2019Global Burden of Disease and the Impact of Mental and Addictive Disorders 2020Chapter 7: Systematic reviews of etiology and risk 2003Neighborhoods and Health 2018Social Determinants of Mental Health: Where We Are and Where We Need to Go

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