Growth of IPS Supported Employment Programs in the United States: An Update

Jacqueline A. Pogue · Gary R. Bond · Robert E. Drake · Deborah R. Becker · Susanne M. Logsdon

20 citations0/0 files storedPsychiatric Services

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Disability Education and Employment Psychiatric care and mental health services Health Policy Implementation Science

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Individual placement and support (IPS), an evidence-based supported employment practice, is a core service in community mental health in the United States. Several factors promote the growth of IPS, including a network of 24 states participating in a learning community devoted to expanding IPS services. This study examined growth of IPS in the United States from 2016 to 2019, comparing growth rates for states within and outside the learning community. METHODS: This national survey included telephone interviews with 70 representatives from state mental health and vocational rehabilitation agencies in 50 states and the District of Columbia, replicating methods of a 2016 survey. The primary outcomes were the number of IPS programs and clients served. The survey inquired about four indicators of state-level support for IPS implementation and sustainment: collaboration between state agencies, independent fidelity reviews, technical assistance and training, and funding. RESULTS: In 2019, 41 (80%) of 50 states and the District of Columbia had IPS services, with 857 IPS programs serving an estimated 43,209 clients. Between 2016 and 2019, the number of programs increased from 272 to 486 in 22 learning-community states and two learning-community counties, and from 251 to 371 in 18 states outside the learning community. State-level support for IPS was significantly greater in learning-community states, compared with non-learning-community states. CONCLUSIONS: IPS services expanded substantially in the United States between 2016 and 2019. Learning-community states had more rapid growth and provided greater implementation support, facilitating implementation, expansion, and sustainment of high-fidelity IPS. Nevertheless, access to IPS remains limited.

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2001Implementing Evidence-Based Practices in Routine Mental Health Service Settings 2012Validation of the Revised Individual Placement and Support Fidelity Scale (IPS-25)2012Making the Case for IPS Supported Employment 2015Research, Data, and Evidence-Based Treatment Use in State Behavioral Health Systems, 2001–2012 2020An update on Individual Placement and Support 2021Transforming Mental Health And Addiction Services 2015The Promise of the Americans With Disabilities Act for People With Mental Illness 2017Prevalence and Quality of Individual Placement and Support (IPS) Supported Employment in the United States

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