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The concept of “instinct” has probably been more subject to misuse and confusion than any other in modern psychological thought. Some psychologists of the McDougall school have described instincts of acquisitiveness, possessiveness, hunting, habitation, greed, kindliness, teasing, bullying, cleanliness, adornment, and superstition, to mention but a few. Apart from Freud's broad dualistic classifications of ego and sex instincts, and life and death instincts, Freud also speaks of instincts of watching, of recovery, of mastery and aggression. The observation of mammalian life shows further evidence of the diminishing importance of instinct. The mouse-killing reaction of cats is another behavior pattern which has generally been considered as instinctive.
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