Measuring positive public transit accessibility using big transit data

Tong Zhang · Zhang Wen-yuan · Zhenxuan He

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Urban Transport and Accessibility Transportation Planning and Optimization Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis

Abstract

Most of the current existing accessibility measures quantify the potential of reaching desirable opportunities across space and time. Nevertheless, these potential measurements only illustrate the maximum possible accessibility a person can have, which may not accurately measure real-world transit accessibility in urban areas. This paper introduces a novel methodology to measure positive public transit accessibility based on multi-source big public transit data such as Smart Card Data (SCD) and Global Navigation Satellite System trajectory data, which embed rich travel information and real-world spatio-temporal constraints. First, we use multi-source transit data to reconstruct trip chains, which are used to extract popular destinations. A novel transit accessibility measure is defined to account for latent trip information such as mode/route preference, opportunity attraction, and travel impedance that are difficult to capture explicitly via traditional normative measures. Finally, we produce accessibility maps to visualize time-varying and heterogeneous accessibility patterns distributed over the study region. We performed an empirical evaluation on real-world transit data collected in Shenzhen City, China, demonstrating the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed method in mapping positive transit accessibility over large metropolitan areas. The results and findings of the empirical study demonstrate that the proposed positive accessibility measure can better capture travel behavior characteristics and constraints than traditional normative measures. The measurement method can be used as a practical high-resolution mapping tool for transit decision makers in evaluating public transit systems, supporting strategic transit planning, and improving daily transit management.

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References

2003Accessibility evaluation of land-use and transport strategies: review and research directions 2011Smart card data use in public transit: A literature review 2012Measuring accessibility: positive and normative implementations of various accessibility indicators 2014From mobile phone data to the spatial structure of cities 2000Using desktop GIS for the investigation of accessibility by public transport: an isochrone approach 1998Public Transportation Access 2007Individual Trip Destination Estimation in a Transit Smart Card Automated Fare Collection System 2014Temporal variability in transit-based accessibility to supermarkets

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