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BACKGROUND: Despite setting the stringent criteria for the selection of safe donors, some human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive volunteers manage to give blood. Considering the window period of screening tests, this could endanger the safety of blood supply. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A frequency match case–control study was conducted on HIV-positive and negative blood donors in Iran from 2007 to 2008. Overall, 61 HIV-positive and 224 HIV-negative blood donors were selected as cases and controls, respectively. Two groups were matched for confounding factors. An identical questionnaire was used to assess risk factors. Univariate regression analysis for calculating crude odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) was used for detecting eligibility of risk factors to enter the final model. The exposures with P < 0.1 were entered in the logistic regression model. Adjusted ORs with P < 0.05 and 95% CIs were reported for statistically significant variables. RESULTS: Significant effects were detected for the following variables: education, job, tattoo, intravenous (IV) drug abuse, imprisonment, and risky sexual behavior. However, based on multiple analyses, education, IV drug abuse, imprisonment, and risky sexual behavior remain significant. CONCLUSION: The majority of our findings are in parallel with the other studies performed in other countries. To increase blood safety, special attention should be paid to illiterate, first-time blood donors who are in the 25–40 age range. In addition, having the history of IV drug abuse, imprisonment and risky sexual behaviors put the blood donors more at risk of infecting HIV.
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