I ritratti dello zar Nicola I incisi su intagli e cammei

Abstract

Portraits of Russian Czar Nicolas I carved on engravings and cameos are examined. The writer discusses the czar's background and personality, highlighting his love of art and his preference for Italian art in particular, which would explain the prevalence of portraits commissioned from Italian engravers. She briefly considers the models that the engravers who could not execute his portrait from life might have used to render his rather standardized likeness in their works, such as medals and prints. She then examines a number of portraits created by several Italian engravers, providing essential information on their activity as portraitists, in addition to some by Russian engravers. She points out that despite the ample documentation provided by this study, a number of open questions and problems remain concerning the dating of the gems examined and the czar's criteria for selecting the engravers.

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