Controlling the Dangerous Classes: A History of Criminal Justice in America

Abstract

Foreword by Michael Hallett Preface to the First Edition Preface to the Second Edition Introduction THE HISTORY OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE FROM A CRITICAL PERSPECTIVE Perspectives on Criminal Law Consensus/Pluralist Model Interest Group/Conflict Model A Critical/Marxist Model Classes Outline for the Book Chapter 1 PERPETUATING THE CLASS SYSTEM: THE DEVELOPMENT OF CRIMINAL LAW Introduction: Nature and Functions of Criminal Law Criminal Law in Ancient Times Emergence of Criminal Law in Athens Criminal Law in Rome Acephalous or Non-State Societies and Law Criminal Law in Medieval Times Emergence of Criminal Law in England Criminal Law as an Ideological System of Legitimate Control Emergence of the Concept of Two Case Studies: Law of Theft and the Law of Vagrancy Emergence of Criminal Law in America Racism and the Law An Illustrative Case: Tramp Acts Controlling the Dangerous Classes: Drug Laws as an Example Crack versus Powder Cocaine Impact of the Drug Laws Passed in the 1980s Whose Interest Does the Law Serve? Chapter 2 THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MODERN POLICE INSTITUTION: CONTROLLING THE DANGEROUS CLASSES Early Systems Emergence of the Institution in England Metropolitan of London Development of the Institution in the United States An Illustrative Case: Buffalo, New York Rise and Growth of Private Policing Growth of the Institution in the Twentieth Century Progressive Era Reforms During the Progressive Era New Developments in Private Policing Policing the Ghetto in the 1960s Corruption: A Continuing Problem Still Controlling the Dangerous Classes: the on Chapter 3 PROCESSING THE DANGEROUS CLASSES: THE AMERICAN COURT SYSTEM Introduction Development of the Modern Court System: Colonial System Processing Criminal Cases: Justice of the Peace in Colonial America Upholding Morality Hunting Witches and Religious Dissidents After the Revolution: Federal System and the Supreme Court Post-Civil Changes in the Court System Jail: A Clear Case of Rabble Management 1960s: Warren Court and the Reaffirmation of the Right to Counsel Traditional versus Radical-Criminal Trials Traditional Trial Challenging the System: Radical-Criminal Trials St. Patrick's Four Modern Era: on and African Americans Ultimate Sanction for the Dangerous Classes: Death Penalty Chapter 4 HOUSING THE DANGEROUS CLASSES: THE EMERGENCE OF THE PRISON SYSTEM PART I: EARLY DEVELOPMENTS OF IMPRISONMENT, 1600-1900 Trafficking of Offenders: Forerunners of the Modern Prison Industrial Complex Early Capitalism and the Emergence of the Workhouse Late Eighteenth Century Reforms and the Birth of the Prison System Development of the Prison System Walnut Street Jail Pennsylvania and Auburn Systems of Penal Discipline Rise of the Reformatory Convict Labor Convict Leasing PART II: TWENTIETH CENTURY DEVELOPMENTS IN THE AMERICAN PRISON SYSTEM Prison Reform during the Progressive Era Inmate Self-Government Classification, Diagnosis, and Treatment: New Prison Routine Decline in Prison Industries Big Emergence of the Federal Prison System and the System of Federal Prison System System of Corrections Modern Era, 1980 to the Present: Warehousing and the New Apartheid Gulag Some Concluding Thoughts Chapter 5 CONTROLLING THE YOUNG: THE EMERGENCE AND GROWTH OF THE JUVENILE JUSTICE SYSTEM Pre-Nineteenth-Century Developments: Invention of Childhood A History of Childhood and Adolescence Enter Childhood in the 17th Century Parens Patriae and Stubborn Children Defining a Juvenile Delinquent House of Refuge Movement Conceptions of Delinquency: 1820-1860 Fate of the Refuge Movement Ex Parte Crouse:Court Decisions and Effects O'Connell Case Mid-Nineteenth-Century Reforms Fate of Mid-Nineteenth-Century Reforms Child-Saving Movement and the Juvenile Court Conceptions of Delinquency: 1860-1920 Fate of the Child-Saving Movement Twentieth-Century Developments in Juvenile Justice Still Controlling Minorities and the Poor: Current Juvenile Justice Practices Race, the War on Drugs and Referrals to Juvenile Court Racial Composition of Juvenile Institutions High Recidivism Rates and Scandals Persist Chapter 6 PERPETUATING PATRIARCHY: KEEPING WOMEN IN THEIR PLACE Women and the Law Patriarchy and Images of Women Punishing and Controlling Women A History of Women's Prisons Emergence of Women's Reformatories Role of Racism Controlling Women's Bodies and Sexuality Young Women and the Juvenile Justice System Keeping in Their Place: Development of Institutions for Child-Saving Movement and the Juvenile Court The Best Place to Conquer Girls Juvenile Court and the Double Standard of Juvenile Justice Women and Criminal Justice Today Sentencing Patterns, the on Drugs, and Women An Outrageous Example: the Pregnancy Police Women in Today's Prisons Background Characteristics of Women in Prison Chapter 7 CRIME CONTROL IN THE NEW MILLENNIUM INDUSTRY NEW MECHANISMS FOR CONTROLLING THE DANGEROUS CLASSES Crime Control Industry Taking a Larger View: the Globalization of Crime Control Millions Under Control of the State Prison Industrial Complex: Cashing in on Crime Prisons as a Market for Capitalism Corporate Interests: the Role of ALEC Reach Out and Touch Someone Brother Can you spare a Bed? California Correctional Officer's Union Rural Prisons: Uplifting Rural Economies? Some Downsides to Prison Expansion Exploiting Prisoners to Enhance Rural Populations Prison Labor: Auburn Plan Revisited Privatization of Prisons: More Profits for Private Industry Some Serious Problems with Privatization Private Security: Crime is Good for Business Other Components of the Crime-Control Industry Chapter 8 WHERE DO WE GO FROM HERE? Importance of the Economy American-style Capitalism is the Real Culprit Downsizing and Outsourcing the American Dream and the Growing Surplus Population Growth and Perpetuation of the Surplus Population (Dangerous Classes) So What Can I Do, You Ask? REFERENCES Name Index Subject Index

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