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Police use of deadly force
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Police use of deadly force (1977)Police use of deadly forceExploring Bias in Police Shooting Decisions With Real Shoot/Don’t Shoot Cases (2018)Exploring Bias in Police Shoo…Police Shootings in Black and White: Exploring Newspaper Coverage of Officer-Involved Shootings (2016)Police Shootings in Black and…Assessing the racial aspects of police force using the implicit- and counter-bias perspectives (2015)Assessing the racial aspects …Racial and ethnic bias in decisions to shoot seen through a stronger lens: experimental results from high-fidelity laboratory simulations (2014)Racial and ethnic bias in dec…Results from experimental trials testing participant responses to White, Hispanic and Black suspects in high-fidelity deadly force judgment and decision-making simulations (2012)Results from experimental tri…Use of force in minority communities is related to police education, age, experience, and ethnicity (2011)Use of force in minority comm…Hitting the Target (or Not): Comparing Characteristics of Fatal, Injurious, and Noninjurious Police Shootings (2006)Hitting the Target (or Not): …POLICE USE OF FIREARMS IN NORWAY AND SWEDEN: THE SIGNIFICANCE OF GUN AVAILABILITY (2003)POLICE USE OF FIREARMS IN NOR…Police officers’ attitudes toward their role and work: A comparison of black and white officers (2003)Police officers’ attitudes to…Identifying situational predictors of police shootings using multivariate analysis (2002)Identifying situational predi…Early Warning Systems: Responding to the Problem Police Officer (2001)Early Warning Systems: Respon…Predictors of the Police Use of Force (1998)Predictors of the Police Use …Police handgun qualification: practical measure or aimless activity? (1998)Police handgun qualification:…Police officer decisionmaking in potentially violent confrontations (1992)Police officer decisionmaking…Geographic Correlates of Police Shooting: a Microanalysis (1980)Geographic Correlates of Poli…Cops and Bobbies: Police Authority in New York and London, 1830-1870 (1977)Administrative interventions on police shooting discretion: An empirical examination (1979)Deadly force: What we know. (1982)Quantifying police officers' arrest and self-defence skills: Does performance decrease under pressure? (2009)Highly realistic scenario based training simulates the psychophysiology of real world use of force encounters: implications for improved police officer performance (2016)A Reasonable Officer: Examining the Relationships Among Stress, Training, and Performance in a Highly Realistic Lethal Force Scenario (2022)A Continuum of Impression Formation, from Category-Based to Individuating Processes: Influences of Information and Motivation on Attention and Interpretation (1990)Prejudice and perception: The role of automatic and controlled processes in misperceiving a weapon. (2001)The police officer's dilemma: Using ethnicity to disambiguate potentially threatening individuals. (2002)Demeanor, Race, and Police Perceptions of Procedural Justice: Evidence from Two Randomized Experiments (2017)The Stability of Implicit Racial Bias in Police Officers (2017)Thinking fast, not slow: How cognitive biases may contribute to racial disparities in the use of force in police-citizen encounters (2017)Violent Men: An Inquiry into the Psychology of Violence (1970)Violence and the Police: A Sociological Study of Law, Custom, and Morality. (1972)Autobiographical Memory (1986)The World Is Not Black and White: Racial Bias in the Decision to Shoot in a Multiethnic Context (2012)Precision Emotion and Affective Context (PEAC) process model: a theoretical framework for creating the affective circumstances that promote engagement (2025)The Functions of the Police in Modern Society. (1972)Above the law: police and the excessive use of force (1993)Above the Law: Police and the Excessive Use of Force, by Jerome H. Skolnick and James J. Fyfe (1993)Trends in police research: a cross‐sectional analysis of the 2006 literature (2009)Identifying Police Officers at Risk of Adverse Events (2016)Varieties of Police Behavior (1968)Understanding and Preventing Violence (1993)Officer force versus suspect resistance: A gendered analysis of patrol officers in an urban police department (2007)The impact of neighborhood crime levels on police use of force: An examination at micro and meso levels (2014)The Validity of Official Crime Statistics: An Empirical Investigation (1974)Shots fired : an examination of New York City police firearms discharges (1978)Shooting behaviour: How working memory and negative emotionality influence police officer shoot decisions (2009)The prevalence of fatal police shootings by U.S. police, 2015–2016: Patterns and answers from a new data set (2017)Race, Place, and Police-Caused Homicide in U.S. Municipalities (2018)Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs for Research (1963)Normal Accidents: Living with High Risk Technologies (1985)Seeing Black: Race, Crime, and Visual Processing. (2004)Do White Law Enforcement Officers Target Minority Suspects? (2018)Nature of Prejudice (1954)Bad is Stronger than Good (2001)A meta-analytic test of intergroup contact theory. (2006)How suspect race affects police use of force in an interaction over time. (2016)Delinquency in a Birth Cohort. (1973)Policing a free society (1979)Forces of deviance: Understanding the dark side of policing (1998)Inequality and Heterogeneity: A Primitive Theory of Social Structure (1977)In A Different Voice: Psychological Theory And Women's Development (1982)In a Different Voice: Psychological Theory and Women's Development. (1983)Race and the Police use of Force Encounter in the United States (2016)
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  • 2015Assessing the racial aspects of police force using the implicit- and counter-bias perspectives108 cited
  • 1980Geographic Correlates of Police Shooting: a Microanalysis108 cited
  • 2012Results from experimental trials testing participant responses to White, Hispanic and Black suspects in high-fidelity deadly force judgment and decision-making simulations96 cited
  • 2014Racial and ethnic bias in decisions to shoot seen through a stronger lens: experimental results from high-fidelity laboratory simulations92 cited
  • 1998Police handgun qualification: practical measure or aimless activity?73 cited
  • 2001Early Warning Systems: Responding to the Problem Police Officer73 cited
  • 1992Police officer decisionmaking in potentially violent confrontations71 cited
  • 1998Predictors of the Police Use of Force69 cited
  • 2002Identifying situational predictors of police shootings using multivariate analysis67 cited
  • 2003Police officers’ attitudes toward their role and work: A comparison of black and white officers65 cited
  • 2006Hitting the Target (or Not): Comparing Characteristics of Fatal, Injurious, and Noninjurious Police Shootings64 cited
  • 2018Exploring Bias in Police Shooting Decisions With Real Shoot/Don’t Shoot Cases63 cited
  • 2011Use of force in minority communities is related to police education, age, experience, and ethnicity

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59 cited
  • 2003POLICE USE OF FIREARMS IN NORWAY AND SWEDEN: THE SIGNIFICANCE OF GUN AVAILABILITY20 cited
  • 2016Police Shootings in Black and White: Exploring Newspaper Coverage of Officer-Involved Shootings9 cited