Dzombo Shelter : a contribution of the Later Stone Age sequence of the Greater Mapungubwe Landscape

Tim Forssman

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Archaeology and Rock Art Studies Archaeology and ancient environmental studies Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology

Abstract

On the Greater Mapungubwe Landscape, Later Stone Age (LSA) \nresearch has been conducted mostly in South Africa, with limited \nstudies in neighbouring Botswana and Zimbabwe, all part of the \nbroader landscape. In an attempt to broaden our understanding of the \nregional sequence, a recent study in Botswana sought to integrate \nfinds made here with those in South Africa. This paper presents the \nresults from one excavation, conducted at Dzombo Shelter, and relates \nthese to finds made elsewhere on the landscape. Of particular interest \nis the dominance of backed stone tools between AD 900 and 1000, a \nperiod in which scrapers usually dominate the formal component of \nLSA assemblages, and the infrequency of exchange goods even though \nthe site is in close proximity to farmer homesteads. I argue here that \ndue to the various outcomes from interactions with farmers, excavating \na variety of site types is required in order to achieve a holistic \nunderstanding of forager cultural change.

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References

2008Handbook to the Iron Age: the archaeology of pre-colonial farming societies in Southern Africa 2000Mapungubwe and the Origins of the Zimbabwe Culture 2000Empowering Places: Rock Shelters and Ritual Control in Farmer-Forager Interactions in the Northern Province 1980The Hafting, Function and Distribution of Small Convex Scrapers with an Example from Boomplaas Cave 2008An ageless view of first millennium AD southern African ceramics 2008Sheltered from change : hunter-gatherer occupation of Balerno Main Shelter, Shashe-Limpopo confluence area, South Africa 2000Metals, Ideology and Power: The Manufacture and Control of Materialised Ideology in the Area of the Limpopo-Shashe Confluence, c.AD 900 to 1300 2005FINGERPRINTS OF THE KHOEKHOEN: GEOMETRIC AND HANDPRINTED ROCK ART IN THE CENTRAL LIMPOPO BASIN, SOUTHERN AFRICA

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2015A macro-fracture investigation of the backed stone tools from Dzombo Shelter, eastern Botswana 2023Macro use-wear identifiers on lithic scrapers and behavioural shifts at Little Muck Shelter, SLCA 2023The End of the Later Stone Age in the Middle Limpopo Valley, Central Southern Africa 2024Unmasking the forgotten foragers of the Mapungubwe landscape

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