Japan's Foreign Aid Policy on Human Security : Its Driving Forces, and the Direction of Official Development Assistance (ODA) Policy and Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) for Human Security

Abstract

Japanʼs Foreign Aid Policy on Human Security(KORKIETPITAK)-177 - Ⅰ．IntroductionJapanese ODA dates back to the period of war reparation, which started in 1954 under the agreement of the San Francisco Peace Treaty.In the end of the 1980s, Japan took the place of the United Stated as the worldʼs largest donor country.After the Cold Warʼs demise, Japanʼs record in Official Development Assistance (based on net expenditure) was at the top in the world for 10 consecutive years from 1991 through 2000.Despite its tremendous amount of aid to developing countries, Japanese ODA was criticized for only aiming at its own economics interest.However, after the end of the Cold War, globalization has brought about numerous problems, such as drugs, inequality, terrorism, and so on, which affect directly individualsʼ lives or human well being.The globalization has forced international community to get concerned with those problems.Then, the paradigm of international development assistance shifted in a big scale in the 1990s when the World Summit for Social Development called for social development assistance; instead of economy oriented assistance.Since then Japanʼs ODA has a new direction emphasizing assistance related to human-centered social development, so emergence of the concept of human security seems to be the cornerstone of Japanʼs foreign aid in pursuit of economic and social development.However, what is "human security"?The development of human security concept emerged through two different streams -Theoretical contributions from a group of scholars including Mahbub UI Haq and Amartya Sen and institutional efforts from United Nations Development Program (UNDP) and Canadian government.First of all, it is necessary to explain the role of all these elements in conceptualizing human security.Beginning with the term of "human security, it could be considered as a concept for future vision and agenda for action and was first mentioned in the 1994 UNDPs Human Development Report.This idea was closely associated with the human security concept initiated by Mahbub UI Haq, former Pakistan Finance Minister and consultant of UNDP.His paper, New Imperatives of Human Security published

Cite this work

No public copy is stored for this record, so only the metadata is cited.

Stored only when both papers are in the corpus — 3 citations exist upstream.

Papers that cite the same references — the relational fallback while embeddings are still backfilling.