Promoting Sustainable Mobility: To What Extent Is “Health” Considered by Mobility App Studies? A Review and a Conceptual Framework

Heike Marquart · Julia Schuppan

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Urban Transport and Accessibility Transportation Planning and Optimization Transportation and Mobility Innovations

Abstract

Promoting cycling and walking in cities improves individual health and wellbeing and, together with public transport, promotes societal sustainability patterns. Recently, smartphone apps informing and motivating sustainable mobility usage have increased. Current research has applied and investigated these apps; however, none have specifically considered mobility-related health components within mobility apps. The aim of this study is to examine the (potential) role of health-related information provided in mobility apps to influence mobility behavior. Following a systematic literature review of empirical studies applying mobility apps, this paper (1) investigates the studies and mobility apps regarding communicated information, strategies, and effects on mobility behavior and (2) explores how, and to what extent, health and its components are addressed. The reviewed studies focus on environmental information, especially CO2-emissions. Health is represented by physical activity or calories burned. The self-exposure to air pollution, noise, heat, traffic injuries or green spaces is rarely addressed. We propose a conceptual framework based on protection motivation theory to include health in mobility apps for sustainable mobility behavior change. Addressing people’s self-protective motivation could empower mobility app users. It might be a possible trigger for behavior change, leading towards healthy and sustainable mobility and thus, have individual and societal benefits.

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References

2009Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement 2011The behaviour change wheel: A new method for characterising and designing behaviour change interventions 1975A Protection Motivation Theory of Fear Appeals and Attitude Change1 1983Protection motivation and self-efficacy: A revised theory of fear appeals and attitude change 2004Car use: lust and must. Instrumental, symbolic and affective motives for car use 2009Commuting by Bicycle: An Overview of the Literature 2010Do the Health Benefits of Cycling Outweigh the Risks?2015Travel mode choice and travel satisfaction: bridging the gap between decision utility and experienced utility

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