Health Action Process Approach for Predicting Exercising in Mexican Adults with Cardio-metabolic Risk

Abstract

A test of the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) model for predicting physical exercise and its effects on body, cardio-metabolic, and psychological outcomes in a sample of Mexican adults at cardio-metabolic risk who wanted to lose weight was conducted. The HAPA variables (self-efficacy, outcome expectancies, risk perception, intention, maintenance self-efficacy, action planning); outcome variables: body health (weight & fat), cardio-metabolic health (cholesterol LDL & triglycerides), perceived psychological health (quality of life & psychological distress); BMI and waist/height ratio were measured at baseline, week 6, and week 12 after the intervention. A total of 82 adults met inclusion criteria: BMI ≥ 25 and/or weight/height ratio ≥ .5cm, out of these, 50 finished the program. The model tested via structural equations did not exhibit adequate fit: CFI = .782, GFI = .858, SRMR = .111. However, the expectations variable had a significant effect on intentions and action-self efficacy on maintenance self-efficacy, accounting for 24% and 17% of the variance respectively, other model relationships were not found significant. In addition, changes in exercising had a positive effect on body health, explaining 11% of the variance. Further studies are necessary to understand other crucial predictors for physical activity in samples outside western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic countries.

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