Evolution and Trends in Male Versus Female Authorship of Articles in Flagship Orthopaedic Journals From 1995 to 2020

Sarah N. Powell · John C. Hunting

15 citations0/0 files storedJournal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons

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Diversity and Career in Medicine scientometrics and bibliometrics research Sex and Gender in Healthcare

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: The gender disparity in orthopaedic surgery has been recognized for many years. Because research affects promotions, this study investigates trends in female authorship in three journals over the past 25 years for both first and senior authors. METHODS: All articles from Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, and Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research from 1995 to 2020 in 5-year intervals were downloaded, and the data for first and senior authors were extracted. The sex of the first and senior authors was determined using the validated Genderize algorithm. The demographics of the first and senior author cohorts were analyzed using chi square tests. The trends in female authorship controlling for year and journal were assessed with logistic regression models. RESULTS: Within the studied journals, 5,636 individuals were identified as first authors and 4,572 as senior authors. Sex was determined for 82.59% of the authors. Female first authorship increased significantly from 1995 to 2020 (6.70% to 15.37%, P < 0.001). Similarly, female senior authorship increased significantly from 1995 to 2020 (8.22% to 13.65%, P < 0.001). Overall, there was no significant difference in gender composition of authors between journals (P = 0.700 first author and P = 0.098 senior author). Women were much more likely to publish as first or senior author in later years, regardless of the journal (P < 0.001 first author and P < 0.001 senior author). DISCUSSION: Female authorship in prominent orthopaedic journals has increased markedly from 1995 to 2020 with interjournal differences in senior author gender disparity. Although female orthopaedic surgeons publish at rates equal to or greater than their representation in the specialty, additional research is needed into the persistence of gender disparities in orthopaedics.

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2006The “Gender Gap” in Authorship of Academic Medical Literature — A 35-Year Perspective 2000Women Physicians in Academic Medicine — New Insights from Cohort Studies 2004Compensation and Advancement of Women in Academic Medicine: Is There Equity?2016Where Are the Women in Orthopaedic Surgery?2015Gender contributes to personal research funding success in The Netherlands 2019Comparison of National Institutes of Health Grant Amounts to First-Time Male and Female Principal Investigators 2018Women in Orthopaedic Surgery 2011Sex Differences in Application, Success, and Funding Rates for NIH Extramural Programs

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