This chapter introduces how to conceptualize and consider intervention complexity within systematic reviews. It aims to signpost review authors to advice that helps them make decisions on when and in which circumstances to apply that advice. There are three broad ways to think about intervention complexity. The first two perspectives are focused on the intervention in question: on how the intervention itself may be complex; and on how its implementation in specific situations may result in complex interactions. The third perspective shifts the focus of analysis from an individual intervention to the wider context within which it is implemented. The chapter focuses mainly on addressing the first two perspectives of intervention complexity, rather than the systems perspective, because these are most commonly used in Cochrane Reviews. It explains the aspects of complexity in more detail, and outlines some implications when the analysis is focused on the wider system.
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