A number of links have been made between class domination and consumerism, which imply that femininity is a kind of weakness in working-class culture as a culture of resistance. It has often been assumed that in their role as consumers working-class women have helped to erode or disguise class differences. There have been many explanations of fashion which acknowledge its role in the expression of class difference in capitalist society, but they tend to perceive it as working automatically in the interests of dominant or privileged groups. Middle-class affluence and ‘conspicuous consumption’ are seen as means of exclusion–disidentification with other groups; whereas working-class affluence is seen as a means of emulation–identification with other groups. In the post–Second World War period, it was necessary for working-class markets to be found for commodities in order for capitalism to expand or even survive.
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