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This chapter argues for a particular articulation of the functional domain immediately above the verb, what is called the “v layer.” The crucial evidence comes primarily from the Dravidian language Tamil, in comparison with relevant phenomena in other languages. Tamil has a series of agglutinative verbal suffixes, each related to a different aspect of the syntax and semantics of voice (broadly construed), which can combine flexibly with one another, but only in one particular order. This leads to a breakdown of Kratzer’s (1996) Voice or Chomsky’s (1995) v into a layer consisting of at least four distinct functional heads in a rigid sequence above the root: Pass(ive) > Mid(dle) > Voice > vcause.
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