European Cities

Abstract

Abstract European cities have attracted considerable theoretical and empirical attention since Max Weber identified in medieval occidental cities the requisite conditions for the development of capitalism. Scholars from different disciplines have attempted to highlight their distinctive characteristics and trace their development and changing nature. In order to describe the commonalities and distinctive characteristics of European cities, this entry is divided into four sections. The first section provides a brief history of European cities, the second highlights some differentiating factors, the third addresses the challenges currently facing European cities, and the final part describes the ways in which such challenges are presented and adopted by urban governance regimes.

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