Control Beliefs Across Adulthood

Abstract

Control beliefs reflect an individual's expectancies that future events or outcomes will result as a consequence of one's behavior or state of mind. Three issues are addressed: A first section reviews definitions of control as well as findings on stability and change of control beliefs across adulthood. A second section discusses the age‐specific implications of control beliefs with regard to actual control versus illusions of control across adulthood. The third section gives a short overview of the effects of control beliefs on positive aging outcomes such as health, well‐being, and longevity. The concluding section discusses how such issues relate to models of adaptation in old age.

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