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From the analysis of the reception at the end of 2014 of Exhibit B, the Brett Bailey artist’s performance that aimed to denounce racism, this article shows the emergence of a crisis of the concept of antiracism, among social and political mobilizations as well as in the French academic field, in particular among French scholars claiming for the ""black issue"" to be a decisive key to address racism. ""The Exhibit B case"" highlighted, paradoxically, how a consistent critic of racism cannot narrowly rely on a descriptive interpretation of the color line. Instead, it should tackle the power relations and symbolic logics by which individuals are produced in situ as ""Blacks"" and ""Whites"". Likewise, racialized people cannot be empowered without calling into question the very social structures through which involuntary and unwitting racialized agents are constructed as a dominant and homogeneous social group. More broadly, the article finally proposes — in particular for the French context in which colorblindness republican universalism works as a social norm — to address the racial issue not only through the paradigm of color, but also by questionning the essentialist and “invisible” conception of race — deeply rooted in French colonial history — based on a manners line.
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