Opening Doors

Abstract

s Participation outside the Home Is Limited 39 What Explains the MENA Puzzle?52 Notes 52 References 53 2 Traditional Gender Norms and the Legal Framework Limit Women's Agency 55 Gender Norms Constrain Women's Roles outside the Home 63 Equality under the Law and Its Enforcement Are Critical for Women's Agency 71 Notes 87 References 88 3 Economic Incentives Dampen Participation in the Workforce 93 Extensive Public Sector Employment with Generous Compensation 94 Generous Subsidies Encourage Women to Stay at Home 99 State Regulation and Intervention in the Market 105 Heavy Investment in Education, but Not the Kind That Businesses Want 106 Unequal Access to Entrepreneurship Opportunities

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