Regional regulation

Abstract

This chapter considers the different kinds and degrees of regional integration, and locates the European Union (EU) within the spectrum. It outlines the EU’s main institutions and identifies the European-level employer and trade union actors. The chapter deals with a broader assessment of the European-level employment relations (ER) dimension and a comment on future prospects including the impact of Brexit. Theories of regional political integration differentiate between regional organisations based on intergovernmental cooperation, such as North American Free Trade Act and Association of South East Asian Nations, and those that involve supranational institutions, such as the EU. In the case of regional organisations that feature supranational institutions, supranational regulation can flow from either ‘positive’ or ‘negative’ integration processes. Regional integration can be of different degrees, ranging from a free trade area, through a customs union, a common or single market, an economic and monetary union to a political union. Responsibility for implementation of EU regulation on ER generally lies with national actors, either governments and/or the social partners.

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