Differential Aging of Cognition

Abstract

In contrast with the view that cognitive aging consists of a uniform decline, similar across individuals and across tasks, the concept of differential aging implies large inter‐ and intraindividual variability. This entry shows that different cognitive domains and tasks present different aging patterns; this is well known in the case of fluid and crystallized abilities, but patterns vary across tasks within the same domain too. Likewise, there are extremely large interindividual differences, as demonstrated not only by longitudinal studies but also by studies centering on individual trajectories. It is suggested that studies on differential aging should systematically incorporate the analysis of intraindividual variability (both inconsistency and dispersion).

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