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This chapter provides an overview of performance management practices in China in the present reform and opening-up period. It discusses reforms initiated by the central government and implemented nationwide in an attempt to improve government performance, as well as specific tools or techniques of performance management adopted by subnational authorities on experimental bases. The chapter describes performance management as systematic and integrated efforts to improve organizational performance. The main measures of performance measurement reforms initiated at the center and carried out under a centralized system include reorganization of public agencies, civil service reforms, budgetary reforms, reform of the administrative examination and approval system, and various forms of public service delivery reforms. Civil service reform has long been a major composing part of the administrative reforms in China in the reform and opening-up period. Financial management and budgetary reforms in the reform and opening-up period experienced changes in focus.
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