Urgensi Fatwa MUI dalam Pembangunan Sistem Hukum Ekonomi Islam di Indonesia

Abstract

Fatwa tidak sama dengan hukum positif yang memiliki kekuatan mengikat bagi seluruh warganegara, namun fatwa dapat memiliki kekuatan mengikat setelah ditransformasi ke dalam peraturan perundang-undangan. Fatwa yang dikeluarkan oleh DSN-MUI (Dewan Syariah Nasional Majelis Ulama Indonesia) kurang lebih sebanyak 107 fatwa dan telah memberi kontribusi positif terhadap regulasi sistem hukum ekonomi syariah. Fatwa DSN-MUI menjadi bagian penting dalam sistem Hukum Republik Indonesia yang berdasarkan pada Pancasila sila pertama adalah Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa dan salah satu dari the living law-nya adalah Hukum Islam. Metode penelitian yuridis normatif ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan deskriptif analitis, yaitu menggambarkan secara sistematis, faktual dan akurat, segala fakta dan permasalahan yang diteliti dikaitkan dengan teori-teori hukum dan dengan (1) pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach), (2) pendekatan sejarah (hystorical approach), (3) pendekatan politis (Political approach). Selanjutnya, data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara yuridis kualitatif dengan memperhatikan sistem hukum yang berlaku dan kemudian dilakukan penafsiran. (Fatwa is not the same as the state law which has binding force for all citizens, but it may have binding force after being transformed into a legislation. Fatwas that have been issued by the DSN-MUI (the National Sharia Council of Indonesian Ulama Council) are approximately 107 fatwas and have contributed positively to the regulation of the legal system of Islamic economics. Fatwa of the DSN-MUI has became an important part in the law system of the Republic of Indonesia which is based on Pancasila (The Five Principles) in which the first principle of the Pancasila is the Almighty God and one of its living law is Islamic law. This research applies normative legal method with analytical descriptive approach, which describes systematically, factually and accurately all the facts and problems being studied. This is done by associating them with theories of law through (1) statute approach, (2) hystorical approach, and (3) Political approach. Next, the data obtained are analyzed through juridical qualitative method by considering the legal system before being interpreted)

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