The Convergence of Race, Ethnicity, and Gender: Multiple Identities in Counseling

Abstract

Socioeconomic status (SES) encompasses not just income but also educational attainment, financial security, and subjective perceptions of social status and social class.Socioeconomic status can encompass quality of life attributes as well as the opportunities and privileges afforded to people within society.Poverty, specifically, is not a single factor but rather is characterized by multiple physical and psychosocial stressors.Further, SES is a consistent and reliable predictor of a vast array of outcomes across the life span, including physical and psychological health.Thus, SES is relevant to all realms of behavioral and social science, including research, practice, education, and advocacy. SES AFFECTS OUR SOCIETYSES affects overall human functioning, including our physical and mental health.Low SES and its correlates, such as lower educational achievement, poverty, and poor health, ultimately affect our society.Inequities in health distribution, resource distribution, and quality of life are increasing in the United States and globally.Society benefits from an increased focus on the foundations of socioeconomic inequities and efforts to reduce the deep gaps in socioeconomic status in the United States and abroad. SES IMPACTS THE LIVES OF PEOPLE WITH A DISABILITYAlthough the Americans with Disabilities Act assures equal opportunities in education and employment for people with disabilities and prohibits discrimination on the basis of disability, people with disabilities remain overrepresented among America's poor and undereducated.According to the U.S. Department of Labor's (2017) Office of Disability Employment Policy, the labor force participation rate for people with disabilities (including physical, intellectual and developmental,

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