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Abstract Tiryns is the one closest to the sea of all of the palatial centers in Mycenae. This fact, together with the strong archaeological indications for its participation in long-distance exchange, underlines the site's importance as a major Mediterranean harbor during the Bronze Age. Geoarchaeological research by Eberhard Zangger points to significant changes of the distance from the site to the coast during the Holocene. In Mycenaean times, the shoreline had moved outward due to massive sedimentation as a consequence of soil erosion, reaching a position approximately half as far as the current modern coast. In the late 1950s, restoration works under the direction of Nikolaos Verdelis revealed the underground cisterns in the Lower Citadel and thereby initiated the resumption of fieldwork by the German Archaeological Institute. These excavations extended the focus to areas that had been neglected until then, namely the Lower Citadel and the Lower Town.
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