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During the thirteenth century, most English chroniclers were still monks. By the fifteenth century, most of them were attached to royal or noble courts. Simultaneously, the enormous growth of bureaucracy and spread of literacy meant that much more written evidence was available to chroniclers. Perhaps inevitably, this led to attempts by the government and/or political factions to control or manipulate the flow of information to chroniclers in their own interests. Yet, paradoxically, this paper argues that it was monastic rather than secular chroniclers who were more likely to be influenced by such propaganda, whereas secular clerks, although often based at court or working for the government, generally seem to have been free to write what they wished. Only after the effective demise of monastic chronicle-writing during the early fifteenth century did secular chroniclers become more significantly propagandist in tone.
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