Turkey

Abstract

The establishment of psychology in Turkey is reviewed both as an academic discipline and as a profession, beginning with its early inception during the late Ottoman Empire and continuing to the present. A brief historical account of the drastic social transformations of the vast premodern empire into the modern secular state-nation in response to European modernity, and its capitalist social order, social institutions, and individual citizen is provided first as a macro sociopolitical context for this journey. Various phases of the history of psychology in Turkey are described in connection with the specific topics of the transfer and translation of Western psychology, scientification and institutionalization, expansion and education, localization and (re)production of knowledge, professional practice, and status and organization of psychology. Some reflections on mainstream psychological knowledge/practice also are offered.

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