The Wilderness Camp Paradigm in the Holiness Source and the Temple Scroll: From Purity Laws to Cult Politics

Abstract

This paper explores the socio-historical implications of the levitical purity laws as they are understood in the Holiness Source (H) and the Temple Scroll (TS). Though these sources show a similarity in rhetoric, closer examination reveals fundamental differences between them. In particular, I focus on the manner in which these sources understand the wilderness camp model, which serves as the primary framework for the application of the biblical purity laws. In H, we find a repeated emphasis on the danger of polluting the Tabernacle (e. g., Lev 15:31; Num 5:4; 19:13, 20). From a strict philological analysis of these sources, it becomes clear that these statements focus on the purity of the centralized sanctuary. Interestingly, this attitude finds echoes in the rabbinic view, which restricted the application of the purity laws almost exclusively to Jerusalem. In comparison, the interpretation of these verses in TS construes them as requiring purity in other cities throughout the land. The comparison of these sources and the relationship between purity and the cult establishment implied by them can serve as a basis for contextualizing them historically. This analysis can enable us to trace the development of attitudes towards purity in Israel in the periods before and after cult centralization.

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