Akulturasi Islam pada budaya Ruwatan Rumah di Cikidi Hilir Banten

Abstract

Di zaman sekarang terjadi perubahan-perubahan dinamikia sosial kemasyarakatan sebagai dampak dari adanya gempuran modernitas. Berbagai hal mendapat pengaruh dengan perubahan tersebut salah satunya berkaitan dengan tradisi yang ada di masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat bagaimana proses akulturasi budaya Islam pada zaman dulu dan sekarang serta hal apa yang mempengaruhi perubahan tersebut, khususnya pada tradisi ruwatan rumah. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan etnografi. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara yang dilakukan secara langsung kepada responden yang tetap menjaga kondisi alami dari masyarakat. Penelitian dilakukan di daerah Cikidi Hilir karena masyarakat masih sangat kental dengan keyakinan dengan leluhur yang dilaksanakan pada bulan Desember 2021. Responden pada penelitian ini sebanyak 10 orang yang berasal dari masyarakat di daerah Cikidit Hilir. Pemilihan sampel menggunakan teknik nonprobability sampling (purposive sampling) yakni ditujukan kepada masyarakat yang bermukim di daerah tersebut dan dianggap mengetahui tradisi. Hasil penelitian yang dilakukan menunjukkan pelaksanaan ruwatan rumah di Cidikit Hilir merupakan bentuk akulturasi budaya karena semua masyarakat di kampung itu beragama Islam. Terlebih dalam ajaran Islam, proses ruwatan rumah yang dijelaskan di atas tidak ada. Ruwatan itu hasil karya atau cipta yang diturunkan oleh para pendahulunya. Mengingat, tidak menutup kemungkinan, sebelum Islam datang wilayah itu masyarakatnya beragama Sunda Wiwitan. Terdapat akulturasi budaya Islam dengan budaya kokolot masyarakat dulu. Sebab, ada kolaborasi antara doa-doa yang bersumber dari ajaran agama Islam dan peninggalan kokolot dengan bahasa Sunda Kuno. Ruwat rumah sebagai bentuk penghargaan seseorang atau kumpulan yang paling ramai pencipta berkat tempat kediamannya (rumah). In today's era there are changes in social dynamics of society as a result of the onslaught of modernity. Various things are influenced by these changes, one of which is related to the traditions that exist in society. This study aims to see how the acculturation process of Islamic culture in the past and present and what influences these changes. This research is a qualitative research with an ethnographic approach. Data collection techniques using interviews conducted directly to respondents who still maintain the natural conditions of the community. The research was conducted in the Cikidi Hilir area where the area is still very strong with beliefs with ancestors which was carried out in December 2021. The respondents in this study were 10 people who came from the community in the Cikidi Hilir area. The sample selection used a non-probability sampling technique (purposive sampling) which was aimed at the people who live in the area and are considered to know the tradition/culture to be studied (ruwatan rumah). The results of the research conducted indicate that the implementation of home care in Cidikit Hilir is a form of cultural acculturation. Because all the people in the village are Muslims. Especially in the teachings of Islam, the process of ruwatan house described above does not exist. Ruwatan is the result of the work or copyright handed down by his predecessors. Remembering, it is possible, before Islam came, the people were Sunda Wiwitan. There is acculturation of Islamic culture with the old-fashioned culture of the people. Because, there is a collaboration between prayers that come from the teachings of Islam and the legacy of the ancient Sundanese language. Ruwat house as a form of appreciation for someone or a group of the most crowded creators thanks to their residence (house).

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