Improving Well-being With a Mobile Artificial Intelligence–Powered Acceptance Commitment Therapy Tool: Pragmatic Retrospective Study

Navot Naor · Alex Frenkel · Mirène E. Winsberg

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Digital Mental Health Interventions Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions Mobile Health and mHealth Applications

Abstract

BACKGROUND Research and dissemination of smartphone apps to deliver coaching and psychological driven intervention had seen a great surge in recent years. Notably, Acceptance Commitment Therapy (ACT) protocols were shown to be uniquely effective in treating symptoms for both depression and anxiety when delivered through smartphone apps. The aim of this study is to expand on that work and test the suitability of artificial intelligence–driven interventions delivered directly through popular texting apps. OBJECTIVE This study evaluated our hypothesis that using Kai.ai will result in improved well-being. METHODS We performed a pragmatic retrospective analysis of 2909 users who used Kai.ai on one of the top messaging apps (iMessage, WhatsApp, Discord, Telegram, etc). Users’ well-being levels were tracked using the World Health Organization-Five Well-Being Index throughout the engagement with service. A 1-tailed paired samples t test was used to assess well-being levels before and after usage, and hierarchical linear modeling was used to examine the change in symptoms over time. RESULTS The median well-being score at the last measurement was higher (median 52) than that at the start of the intervention (median 40), indicating a significant improvement (W=2682927; P<.001). Furthermore, HLM results showed that the improvement in well-being was linearly related to the number of daily messages a user sent (β=.029; t81.36=4; P<.001), as well as the interaction between the number of messages and unique number of days (β=–.0003; t81.36=–2.2; P=.03). CONCLUSIONS Mobile-based ACT interventions are effective means to improve individuals’ well-being. Our findings further demonstrate Kai.ai’s great promise in helping individuals improve and maintain high levels of well-being and thus improve their daily lives.

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References

2015The WHO-5 Well-Being Index: A Systematic Review of the Literature 2004Acceptance and commitment therapy, relational frame theory, and the third wave of behavioral and cognitive therapies 2013Smartphones for Smarter Delivery of Mental Health Programs: A Systematic Review 2015The Global Burden of Mental, Neurological and Substance Use Disorders: An Analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010 2016Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Relational Frame Theory, and the Third Wave of Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies – Republished Article 2011mHealth for mental health: Integrating smartphone technology in behavioral healthcare.2021The Economic Burden of Adults with Major Depressive Disorder in the United States (2010 and 2018)2021Global prevalence of mental health issues among the general population during the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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2023Developing A Conversational Interface for an ACT-based Online Program: Understanding Adolescents’ Expectations of Conversational Style

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