This article proposes a conceptual framework for the concept audience agency, which plays a vital role in the current audience turn in journalism (research). It presents two types of audience agency, deliberate and incidental, and three levels at which they can manifest: the micro level of the individual, the meso level of organised groups and the macro level of collective audiences. While incidental, individual agency is much more commonplace, both media professionals and scholars increasingly aggregate and study – and risk to misinterpret – individuals’ behaviour at a deliberate audience level. Finally, future research avenues are suggested to advance knowledge and debate on audience agency within digital journalism, including studying the concept through editorial, commercial and/or democratic lenses.
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