Abstract When do the mechanisms of regular sound change fail to apply? What types of languages and situations exhibit and promote phonological stability? I consider these questions using data from the languages of Aboriginal Australia, where there has been debate on this question. I show that the standard explanations are inadequate, and possible solutions have not yet been empirically investigated. Given how many of these languages are already either no longer spoken or severely under threat, it is important to investigate these questions urgently.
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