MODELS OF DECISION-MAKING IN ECONOMIC PROCESSES AND PUBLIC MANAGEMENT

Abstract

The article shows that the development of the economy today clearly demonstrates the limitations of classical management theories, which are based on the rationality of decision-making, the provision of the subject of decision-making with full information about possible alternative options, as well as a clear understanding of the consequences of each of the possible alternatives. The difference between the algorithmic model (which involves the subject performing a certain sequence of actions, which is not necessarily understood, with a predicted result) and the heuristic behavioral model (which offers the subject a sequence of actions that is understandable to the subject without a guaranteed result) is shown. Features of classical, behavioral and irrational behavior models are also demonstrated. Information is provided on the most common heuristic methods of scientific research, which are: brainstorming (involves group thinking with the search for an optimal solution); method of multidimensional matrices (combination of individual elements of the research object based on chance); inversion method (finding a solution through the analysis of opposite characteristics). It was concluded that given the limitations of the theory of rational choice, decision-making processes are complicated by the vagueness of the criteria by which decisions are made. That is, it is increasingly possible to see atypicality in the identification of such criteria, which is complicated by cognitive biases that are formed in the decision-making subject. Regulation of behavioral models of economic subjects is a complex task, which involves the creation of such an institutional framework, which will take into account the peculiarities of the tendency to irrationality, cognitive limitations and prejudices. It was found that the top-level managers are increasingly using the tools of the so-called "pushing" of the managed system, which can be implemented according to several conventional versions: asymmetric paternalism, light paternalism, and libertarian paternalism.

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