Cognitive, perceptual, and motor profiles of school-aged children with developmental coordination disorder

Dorine Van Dyck · Simon Baijot · Alec Aeby · Xavier De Tiège · Nicolas Deconinck

26 citations0/0 files storedFrontiers in Psychology

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Children's Physical and Motor Development Motor Control and Adaptation Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology

Abstract

Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) is a heterogeneous condition. Besides motor impairments, children with DCD often exhibit poor visual perceptual skills and executive functions. This study aimed to characterize the motor, perceptual, and cognitive profiles of children with DCD at the group level and in terms of subtypes. A total of 50 children with DCD and 31 typically developing (TD) peers (7-11 years old) underwent a comprehensive neuropsychological (15 tests) and motor (three subscales of the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2) assessment. The percentage of children with DCD showing impairments in each measurement was first described. Hierarchical agglomerative and K-means iterative partitioning clustering analyses were then performed to distinguish the subtypes present among the complete sample of children (DCD and TD) in a data-driven way. Moderate to large percentages of children with DCD showed impaired executive functions (92%) and praxis (meaningless gestures and postures, 68%), as well as attentional (52%), visual perceptual (46%), and visuomotor (36%) skills. Clustering analyses identified five subtypes, four of them mainly consisting of children with DCD and one of TD children. These subtypes were characterized by: (i) generalized impairments (8 children with DCD), (ii) impaired manual dexterity, poor balance (static/dynamic), planning, and alertness (15 DCD and 1 TD child), (iii) impaired manual dexterity, cognitive inhibition, and poor visual perception (11 children with DCD), (iv) impaired manual dexterity and cognitive inhibition (15 DCD and 5 TD children), and (v) no impairment (25 TD and 1 child with DCD). Besides subtle differences, the motor and praxis measures did not enable to discriminate between the four subtypes of children with DCD. The subtypes were, however, characterized by distinct perceptual or cognitive impairments. These results highlight the importance of assessing exhaustively the perceptual and cognitive skills of children with DCD.

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References

1976A Modified Card Sorting Test Sensitive to Frontal Lobe Defects 2011Relations between executive function and academic achievement from ages 5 to 17 in a large, representative national sample 2000The Corsi Block-Tapping Task: Standardization and Normative Data 2019International clinical practice recommendations on the definition, diagnosis, assessment, intervention, and psychosocial aspects of developmental coordination disorder 2004Executive Functions in Children Aged 6 to 13: A Dimensional and Developmental Study 2018The unity and diversity of executive functions: A systematic review and re-analysis of latent variable studies.2012Understanding performance deficits in developmental coordination disorder: a meta‐analysis of recent research 1998DCD may not be a discrete disorder

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