Discovery of unexpected paternity after direct‐to‐consumer DNA testing and its impact on identity

Abstract

Abstract Objective In this study, we describe the experiences of individuals who received direct‐to‐consumer DNA test results indicating unexpected parentage. Background The availability of recreational DNA testing has left individuals navigating unexpected results with limited resources. Little is known about the emotional impact of learning about unexpected paternity. Methods This qualitative study used inductive thematic analysis of in‐depth interviews with adults (n = 27; age 40–70 years) who received direct‐to‐consumer DNA test results revealing unexpected biological paternity. Results Identity transformation occurred while integrating DNA results. Themes included (a) initial discovery marked by shock, fear, crisis, and loss of genetic relatedness; (b) identity exploration encompassing anxiety, emotional challenges, determination to conduct genealogical research, and confronting family; (c) identity reconstruction due to new familial connections and reconciliation of personal and familial history; and (d) synthesis of and shift in worldview, impacting trust in kinship. Conclusion Identity transformation after unexpected DNA results is often accompanied by intense change in personal and community identity and a shift in identity related to race, ethnicity, religion, family status, belonging, or other facets of one's self. Temporal trauma, grief, and loss are common outcomes. Isolation, shame, and a lack of emotional support are prevalent. Implications This research elucidates emotional processes related to learning unexpected DNA results.

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