A SOCIOLOGIA DOS MERCADOS

Abstract

A sociologia dos mercados tem sido um dos campos mais vibrantes da sociologia nos últimos 25 anos. Há uma boa dose de concordância de que os mercados são estruturas sociais caracterizadas por relações sociais extensas entre firmas, trabalhadores, fornecedores, clientes e governos. No entanto, assim como em tantas literaturas sociológicas, os campos teóricos que se formaram com frequência parecem falar sem levar os demais em consideração. Nós demonstramos que parte das discordâncias entre os campos teóricos se deve a diferenças na linguagem conceitual, e outras discordâncias estão ligadas ao fato de que os campos teóricos ignoram os conceitos em outros campos, o que torna suas teorias menos completas. Nós terminamos discutindo controvérsias mais profundas na literatura que parecem abertas tanto a novas conceptualizações, quanto a pesquisa empírica adicional. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Campos. Redes. Instituições. Performatividade. Cultura. Política. THE SOCIOLOGY OF MARKETS Neil Fligstein Luke Dauter Market Sociology has been one of the most vibrant fields in Sociology in the past 25 years. There is a great deal of agreement that markets are social structures characterized by extensive social relationships between firms, workers, suppliers, customers and governments. But, like in many sociological literatures, the theory camps that have formed often seem to speak by each other. We show that some of the disagreement between the theory camps is due to differences in conceptual language, and other disagreements stem from the fact that theory camps ignore the concepts in other theory camps, thereby making their theories less complete. We end by considering deeper controversies in the literature that seem open both to new conceptualization and to further empirical research. KEY WORDS: fields, networks, institutions, performativity, culture, politics. LA SOCIOLOGIE DES MARCHÉS Neil Fligstein Luke Dauter La Sociologie des Marchés a été l’un des domaines les plus dynamiques de la Sociologie au cours des 25 dernières années. Il existe un assez large consensus considérant les marchés comme des structures sociales caractérisées par de vastes relations sociales entre les entreprises, les travailleurs, les fournisseurs, les clients et les gouvernements. Cependant, comme c’est le cas pour de nombreuses références sociologiques, les nouveaux champs théoriques semblent souvent s’affirmer sans prendre en considération les autres champs. Nous démontrons que certains désaccords entre les différents champs théoriques sont dus en partie au langage conceptuel mais aussi au fait que ces champs théoriques ne tiennent pas compte des concepts des autres domaines, ce qui fait que leurs théories restent incomplètes. Finalement nous analysons des controverses plus profondes dans des études réalisées qui sembleraient plus ouvertes autant à de nouvelles conceptualisations qu’à une recherche empirique complémentaire. MOTS-CLÉS: champs, réseaux, institutions, performativité, culture, politique. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH no Scielo: http://www.scielo.br/ccrh Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br

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